giving instruction

Giving instruction is an expression that is used in other that other person does what we instruct or request.

1. The example expressions of giving instruction :

• open your book !!!
• close the door, please !!!
• be quiet, please!!!
• Move the chair !!!
• Open the window!!!
• Pass me the sugar, please!!!
• Stand up, please!!!

Note : The tense used in giving instruction is “simple present”.

2. Pay attention to these sentences:
*Don’t close the window.
*Don’t come late.
*Don’t boil the noodles too long.
*Don’t put too much water into the pan.

3. giving instructions have 2 subject ::
command :: A. verb+ Object
B. please + verb + object
C. would you please + verb + object
D. Verb+ object + please

prohibition :: A. Don't + Verb + Object
B. Don't + verb + Object + please
C. Would you mind not + Verb-ing + Object
D. Would you please+ not+ to +verb + object

perfect tense

Present Perfect Tense is used for describing a past action’s effect on the present: He has arrived. Now he is here. This holds true for events that have just been secluded as well as for events that have not yet occurred.
The pattern :
(+) S + has/have + V3 + O.
(-) S + has/have + not + V3 + O.
(?) Has/Have + S + V3 + O + ?
Present perfect is formed by combining have/has with the main verb’s past participle form:
— I have arrived.
A negation is produced by inserting not after have/has:
— I have not arrived.
Questions in present perfect are formulated by starting a sentence with have/has:
— Has she arrived?
Past Perfect Tense is a kind of tense that is used to describe an action or an event that started in a certain time in the past and completed or finished till certain time in the past too; or past perfect tense is used to express an action or an event that had happened before the other event or action happened
The pattern :
(+) Subject + had+verb III+cmplement
(-) Subject + had not+ver III+complement
(?) Had + subject +verb III+complement
Adverbs used :
from 1998 to 1999, once, twice, etc.

sympathy expression

Expressing sympathy is used to expression sympathy felling or care to someone who has problem or accident.

Kinds of expressing sympathy :
That’s awfull.
That’s a shame. Poor you.
That’s a pity. I express my deeps.
That’s a terrible.
That’s too bad.
That’s dread full.
What a shame.
What a pity.
How terrible!
How dread full!
I’m sorry to hear that.
I’m sorry to know that.
I’m sympathy with you.
I’m so sad to hear that.
I’m so sad to know that.
I can sympathy.
I know the felling.
I know what you feel.
Oh no………
Oh dear………!

Accepting sympathy :
Thank you.
Thanks.
Thank you very much.
Thank you so much.

past tense

Simple past tense is text used to indicate an event or an activity that happen or to do in past event.

1. The times mentions clearly as ::
->yesterday
->a week ago
->last night
->2 days form yesterday
->a last week

2. The second verb is used in this tense.

3. Simple past tense is usually used in recount text,report text and narative text.

4. The formula are ::
* verbal past tense
FORMULA =) s+V2+O/C
=) S+did+not+V1+o/c
=) did+s+V1+o?

* nominal past tense ::
FORMULA =) S+tobe (was/were) + c

Example ::
VErbal tense ::
* they wrote a letter yesterday
* they did not write a letter yesterday
* did they write a letter yesterday?

*she sang a song last night
*she did not sing a song last night
*did she sing a song last night?

* i went go to school with him
* i did not go to school with him
* Did i go to school with him?

Nominal tense ::
*she was a nurse last year
*they were in the party last night
*the dog was mine
*i was student in SMADA
*we were friend's

procedure text

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved throught a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different precces in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjuction such as first,second,, them, , next, finally, etc.

1. The generic structures of procedure text are :

-Goal/aim (or title)
-Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
-Steps (the actions that must be taken)

Goal/aim (or tittle)
* how to make a fried noddles
* how to play boomerang

Materials
*a sachet fried noddles
*a pot or pan, etc

Steps
* first,second,then,next,finally..etc

EXAMPLE ::

how to make a fried noodles

you need ::
# a sachet fried noodles
# 400 cc (2 glass) hot water
# a pot or pan
# a egg and some sausage

what you should do are ::

# boil 400 cc (2 glass) of water in a pan,add noodle,stir slowly for 3 minutes
# pour the seasoning on a plate,while noodles is being cooked
# take the cooked noodles from the boiling water and drain it.
# mix noodle thourghhly with the all seasoning, mix well.
# add an egg and some sausage in noodles and...

your delicious noodle is ready to serve..^^

listening

Description:
Often time student are not able to communicating clearly what they would like to say.
It is purpose of this lesson to help student understand to need to be articulate and precise when explain steps to another student. In addition the student listening will learn to be a more affective listener.


Goal: Students will understand to need to be articulate when communicating
Objectives:
1. the student will use descriptive eplications to guide another student in completing the task.
2. The student will explain the importance of being articulate and the frustration when directions are unclear.


Background Information:
• This activity will teach student to explain what they see and guide another student in reproducing the drawing by what they are told
Concepts: Student will able to:
1. Explain and articulate the steps to reproducing a drawing
2. Follow directions as closely as possible
3. Communicate with follow students to accomplish the given task

greetings

greeting is an act of communication in which human beings intenkonally make their presence known to each other, two attention to, and to siggest a type of relationship or social status between individuals or groups of people coming in contact with each other.

Kinds of greeting :
* Good morning
* hello
* hi
* how are you ?
* how do you do ?

how do you introduce your self ?
-lets me introduce my self, my name is ririn.
-hello i'm jason.
-hi, i'm wati fatimah. you can call me wati.
how do you introduce other people ?
-i would like you to meet Dinda.
-i would to introduce Gerry Saputra

how do you close or end conversation ?
-well, i must be off now. I'll talk to you later !!
-I'm sorry,but i have to go now. See you later !!

EXAMPLES :
Hellen : hi IndRa.How are you this morning ?
Indra : hello Hellen. i'm fine.thank you.